The First Tourists - Pilgrims and the Via Francingena

At the beginning of the second millenium a wave of pilgrims flowed across Europe on their way to visit the most sacred sites of Christendom with the three major attractions Rome, Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela in Spain. 

One of the most important pilgrim roads leading to Rome was the Via Francigena, literally "the road from the Frankish lands'. The Via Francigena was not a single 'road' in the strict sense, but rather a number of possible routes which changed over the centuries as trade and pilgrimage developed.

Depending on the time of year, the political situation and the relative popularity of the shrines of saints along the route, travellers may have taken one of three or four crossings of the Alps and the Apennines.

The memory of the Francigena Way was first recorded by Sigerico the Serious, Archbishop of Canterbury from 989AD to 994AD, on his return from Rome after receiving the pallium, the symbol of authority for Archbishops, from the Pope.

He records his pilgrimage in eighty stages from Rome back to England, including six stages passing through Lunigiana starting with the monastry of San Benedetto next to the step of the Cisa (Montelungo), Puntrembel (Pontremoli), Aguilla (Aulla), Santo Stefano, Sanctam Mariam de Sardena (Sarzana) and finally to Luni. 

Codiponte was also once an important stopping place on the Via Francigena for pilgrims crossing over the Garfagnana on their way from Lunigiana to Lucca and on to Rome.

Today the Via Francigena has been "rediscovered" and has become a popular tourist trail. A walk on the old pilgrim route through the chestnut woodlands and medieval stone villages of Lunigiana, with the stunning backdrop of the Apennine and Apuan Alps, gives you a real feel for the natural environment, history and traditions of the region, and the incredible variety of the local landscape.

La Vendemmia- it must be October

 

October is one of the busiest months of the year in the small rural village of Codiponte in northern Tuscany. It's time for La Vendemmia - the yearly grape harvest and all hands are put to work to pick the ripening fruit.

 

It's hard work and all eyes are on the weather - if it rains then this year's vintage may be ruined. The harvest is completed over two weeks, and with no rain the new year's vintage is pressed and safely stored away until next year.  

 

It won't be until autumn however, when the first of this year's vintage is bottled, that we will really know how good a year it has been. 

 

For now La Vendemmia e andata bene - Salute!

Hunting for Porcini

Some of the best Porcini (Boletus edulis) mushrooms in Tuscany are found in the steep hills surrounding the small village of Codiponte, in the rugged northern region of Lunigiana.

After the first autumn rains the porcini have sprouted and pickers are eagerly searching the underbrush under the chestnut trees. All that is needed are stout shoes, a vimini basket (that spores can drop out of), and a hooked knife to cut the mushrooms free. It's a wonderful way to spend a day in the woodlands.

For those who know the secret locations of these hard to find mushrooms the pickings can be very good indeed. The two bowls of porcini proudly displayed above were collected in the early hours of the morning, before any unwanted onlookers may site the secret spot.

What to do with your mushrooms? Porcini caps are wonderful grilled, while the stalks, diced and simmered in butter or oil with a sprig of nipitella, a clove of garlic, and seasoned to taste, are excellent as either a side dish or pasta sauce.They can also be dried and provide a wonderful aromatic flavour to sauces and stews.

Italian surnames

If, like me, you are of Italian descent and have often wondered about the origins of your family name - then the GENS website is for you.

Just type in your surname and you will see a map of Italy displaying the distribution across Italy of people with the same surname.

I hadn’t realised how popular, or should I say common, our family name of Martini was - with representation in 1,939 Comunes, or local authorities, right across Italy.

Just enter your surname, or cognome, and choose one of the three display formats available. You can also type in you first name and find out about the orgins of that as well.

Finding Codiponte

So where is Codiponte?

With Italy's four levels of government that's not as easy to describe as you would think.

First of all Codiponte is one of fifeteen Frazione or villages/hamlets which make up the Comune di Casola in Lunigiana. With a total population of 1,193, the Comune of Casola, is the second smallest of the seventeen Comuni, or shires, which make up the Provincia di Massa Carrara, the most northern of the ten provinces of Toscana, or Tuscany.

And finally, Toscana is one of the twenty Regione, or regions, which form the Republic of Italy.

Of course it is lot easier if you just search for Codiponte on Google - and you will also get a bird's eye view of the village via satellite.

Sticks and stones will break my bones - local nicknames

Up until the end of World War II many of the villages in the rugged region of Lunigiana in northern Tuscany were isolated from each other, with only a few gravel roads and mule tracks joining them. As a result each village developed its own unique character and, in many cases, dialect. They also coined colourful nicknames for each other.

People from my father's village of Codiponte, on the banks of the river Aulella, are not surprisingly called Ranocchi or frogs. The local specimen shown above is from the Natural History Museum of Lunigiana, which is located in the Fortezza Brunella in Aulla.

Less flattering is the name for the villagers from Casciana, just above Codiponte, who are called Lumaconi or large slugs. Other colourful nicknames include Assini or asses for Reusa; Pipistrelle or bats for Casola; Gati or cats for Vignetta and Ceri or oak trees for Vedriano.

Inexplicably the villagers from Luscignano are called Mauri (which is pronouced like the New Zealand Maori).

Codiponte - What's in a name?

The origin of the name Codiponte is not clear however it is most likely derived from the Latin Capite Pontis or Bridge-head (French tête-de-pont) which is a military fortification that protects the end of a bridge that is closest to the enemy.

A small Roman settlement, or fort, is believed to have been located on the northern approach to the bridge over the River Aulella, where the Pieve di Codiponte now stands.

The three arched stone bridge pictured above was built around 1100, repaired in 1703 and 1936, and was the only bridge across the river Aullela until a new bridge was built some 500 metres downstream in 1970.